中国地质科学50年的简要回顾   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王鸿祯  石宝珩 《地质论评》2000,46(1):1-7

在世界之效科学技术大发展的现阶段,中国地质科学必将发展,因为它具箅了社会需求、科学问题和社会基础技术三个科学发展的条件。由于中国地质学奠基者的远见卓识,中国地质学在本世纪２０～３０年代已建立了世界声誉。新中国建立后,５０～７０年代中国地质科学取得迅速工。自７０年代珂至今的改革开放时期更取得了全面的发展。随着地球系统科学的新概念为广大地质学者所接受,地质学各分支学科必将走向互相交驻融合,形成综合的和  相似文献   

近40年南方高温变化特征与2003年的高温事件   总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19  

王亚伟  翟盘茂  田华 《气象》2006,32(10):27-33

利用从全国743个站点数据集中挑选出的江南、华南地区的121个站点1961-2004年逐日日最高气温和日平均气温资料，分析了近40多年来我国南方地区最高气温的变化特征。结果表明：2003年夏季江南、华南地区出现大范围异常高温天气。虽然在1961-2004年间，江南、华南地区年平均最高气温和年平均气温均有增加趋势，但夏季极端高温事件（≥35℃日数）并没有显著增加的趋势。分析最高气温的概率分布特征，得出2003年夏季江南、华南地区出现的极端酷热天气，只是年际变化的表现，而不是长期变化趋势的反映。  相似文献   

森林火险气象指数及其构建方法回顾   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

牛若芸  翟盘茂  孙明华 《气象》2006,32(12):3-9

森林火灾是威胁地球生态的主要灾害之一。为实现对林区起火可能性大小、火灾强度、火灾蔓延速度以及火灾扑救难易程度进行评估和预测，国内外专家学者利用森林火灾与气象条件之间的关系研制了诸多森林火险气象指数的构建方法。作者对近几十年来国内外森林火险气象指数的研究工作进行回顾和总结，得出广泛应用的火险指数可以归纳为指数查对法、综合指标法和统计回归法等3种类型，究其原理和使用效果，各有优缺点。在实际使用过程中，需要结合我国的气候和环境特点进行适用性修正和完善。  相似文献   

参考文献著录规则应用及注意的问题     

翟国辉 《黑龙江气象》2006,(4):1-5

通过对《文后参考文献著录规则》的学习和理解,阐明参考文献著录方法,列举了有关著录事例和著录时应注意的问题。为著者撰写学术论文提供参考,以便提高学术论文和科技期刊质量。  相似文献   

Scaling and correlation of atmospheric acid deposition evolutions     

Jianlin Zhu  Guangming Zeng 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2006,21(2):143-149

Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and power spectrum density are applied to verify the presence of temporal scaling behavior and long-range persistence (LRP) of weekly hydrogen ion deposition (WHD), NO₃^- and SO₄^2- deposition series in National Atmospheric Deposition Program, USA, for the period 1978–2001. The results show a common scaling behavior for all sites analyzed. Two distinct scaling regions are identified by DFA1, one corresponding to 1 month to 1 year and the other to 1 year to 5 years. The WHD series obey power-law in two temporal regimes respectively with mean DFA1 scaling exponents α ₁≈0.68 and α ₂≈0.45, implying the presence of LRP in the acid deposition series and there is a tendency for a large deposition event to be followed by another large event, and vice versa. For DFA2–DFA4, however, the annual crossover, which divides the temporal scale into two regimes, disappears gradually with the order q of DFAq increasing, and the two scaling regimes turn to share the same scaling exponent close to α ₁. The result indicates that the scaling behavior exits in the two regimes with the same scaling exponent α ₁, and LRP prevails during the examined 1-month to 5-years scale. NO₃^- and SO₄^2- deposition evolve the same way as WHD does, implying the pollutants involving in acid deposition may share some prominent mechanism controlling their evolutions. We ascribe the long-range power-law scaling of acid deposition evolutions to the self-organized critical behavior of atmosphere under pollution stress and it should be considered in the trend prediction of acid deposition as an important factor.  相似文献   

西藏多不杂斑岩铜矿床高温高盐度流体包裹体及其成因意义   总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22  

佘宏全  李进文  丰成友  马东方  潘桂棠  李光明 《地质学报》2006,80(9):1434-1447

多不杂铜矿为班公湖—怒江缝合带上发现的第一处大型斑岩铜矿床,矿床位于羌塘—三江复合板片南缘的多不杂构造岩浆带中。多不杂斑岩铜矿总体上具有典型的斑岩铜矿矿石特征和蚀变分带特点,围绕斑岩体从岩体中心向外,可以划分出三个主要的蚀变带,依次为钾硅化 绢英岩化带、绢英岩化带和黄铁矿化—角岩化带。矿床以岩体内部和外部均发育强烈的磁铁矿化蚀变、而外围青磐岩化带不发育等特征有别于国内其他斑岩铜矿。对斑岩铜矿的流体包裹体特征和均一测温结果表明斑岩铜矿石英含有丰富的流体包裹体,包裹体类型众多,而以大量发育含子矿物多相包裹体为突出特征。子矿物种类有石盐、钾盐、赤铁矿、红钾铁盐、石膏、黄铜矿等,有时一个包裹体含有多达5~6个子矿物,在我国其他斑岩铜矿中是不多见的。金属子矿物大量发育表明流体成矿金属元素含量很高。成矿流体由来自岩浆的高温、高盐度流体和以天水成因为主的中低温、低盐度流体两个流体端员组份组成。高温、高盐度流体为主要成矿流体,以含子矿物多相流体包裹体为代表,其形成温度>450℃,盐度在28%~83%NaClequ.,平均达到58%~60%NaClequ.,流体组分主要属于H2O-NaCl-KCl-FeCl2体系。高温高盐度流体是在浅成条件下于岩浆结晶的最后阶段从浅部岩浆中直接出溶形成的。中低温、低盐度流体主要来源于天水或天水与晚期岩浆热液的混合,温度在360℃以下,盐度3.71%~14.15%NaClequ.。含矿硫化物主要在300~420℃温度区间沉淀,沉淀富集主要与温度降低有关,多不杂斑岩铜矿为与浅成斑岩体侵入有关的高温岩浆热液型斑岩铜矿。与世界上其他斑岩铜矿相比,多不杂斑岩铜矿具有与Bingham和Grasberg等世界级超大型斑岩铜矿相似的流体包裹体和蚀变分带特征,暗示该矿床具备形成超大型斑岩铜矿的潜力。  相似文献   

冈底斯斑岩铜矿成矿模式   总被引：35，自引：0，他引：35  

芮宗瑶侯增谦  李光明刘波张立生  王龙生 《地质论评》2006,52(4):459-466

已有的斑岩铜矿成矿模式都是建立在“B”型俯冲基础上的，而冈底斯斑岩铜矿成矿为18～12Ma，主碰撞期为65Ma，因此属于“A”型俯冲时期，即印度大陆壳俯冲到亚洲大陆壳之下的早期，此时夹于两者之间的新特提斯洋壳尚未消失掉，由此上地幔脱水和部分熔融提供了斑岩铜矿的主要成矿的物质来源。本文讨论了俯冲作用与斑岩铜矿的关系，通过驱龙和冲江两个代表性矿床的Nd、Sr同位素讨论了冈底斯斑岩铜矿成矿物质来源，通过矿带结构和成矿年代等制定了冈底斯斑岩铜矿成矿模式。  相似文献   

Genetic Programming Approach for Predicting Surface Subsidence Induced by Mining   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

翟淑花高谦  宋建国 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2006,17(4):361-366

INTRODUCTIONThe study of surface subsidence resulting fromunderground mining holds significance in view ofbeneficial effects on national economy and people’sliving conditions.As is known,a large quantity ofminerals need to be exploited for modernization con-struction.Mining leads to surface subsidence,someunderground engineering and production facilities aredestroyed accordingly,which blocks the developmentof production and retards people’s living standard.To solve this contradiction,su…  相似文献   

Linking the Sulu UHP belt to the Korean Peninsula: Evidence from eclogite, Precambrian basement, and Paleozoic sedimentary basins   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

Mingguo Zhai  Jinghui Guo  Zhong Li  Daizhao Chen  Peng Peng  Tiesheng Li  Quanlin Hou  Qicheng Fan 《Gondwana Research》2007,12(4):388-403

Considerable debate on whether and how the Sulu Orogenic Belt extends eastward to the Korean Peninsula has remained over the past decade. New results reported here include the following: (1) an eclogite and retrograded eclogite-bearing complex (Hongseong Complex) is discovered in South Korea, in which the eclogite occurs as lenses in circa  810–820 Ma granitic gneiss. SHRIMP zircon dating of the eclogite yields  230 Ma for the metamorphic age and  880 Ma for the protolith age; (2) The basement of the Rangnim, Gyeonggi and Yeongnam massifs have affinities to the basement of the North China Block (NCB). However the Gyeonggi Massif encloses a minor amount of large or small slabs of the Hongseong Complex that are similar to the rocks of the Sulu Belt. (3) Two main Paleozoic basins within the Rangnim and Gyeonggi massifs have a similar Paleozoic tectono-stratigraphy to the NCB. (4) The Imjingang and Ogcheon belts do not exhibit any metamorphic characteristics of collisional orogenic belts. Based on these facts, we propose a crustal-detachment and thrust model and suggest that the collision belt between the Yangtze Block (YB) and NCB (Sino–Korea Craton) is preserved along the western margin of the Korean Peninsula. The lower part of the UHP metamorphosed lithosphere of the YB was subducted under the Korean Peninsula and not uplifted to the surface. The lower crust of the YB (the Hongseong Complex) was detached from the subducted lithosphere and thrust over the Korean Peninsula, and inserted into the basement rocks of the Gyeonggi Massif. The upper crust of the YB possibly was detached from the lower crust and overthrusted along the Honam and Chugaryong shear zones. The Imjingang and Ogcheon belts possibly represent the detached upper crust of YB and their present occurrences are controlled by a Mesozoic strike–slip shear structure. All these detached lower and upper crustal slabs were strongly deformed during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous tectonic event leading to their present geological distribution and characteristics.  相似文献   

攀枝花宝鼎矿区地温研究     

何广明  魏克敏 《中国煤田地质》2007,19(5):51-53,81

根据攀枝花宝鼎矿区＋900、＋700、＋500水平的地温分布特征,结合矿区地貌、水系、构造发育程度、地层岩性组合、覆盖层厚度、矿井采空区范围等条件,对该区深部地温的分布规律进行探讨研究,认为其热源可能来自岩浆余热,但地温异常与矿区各地质特征有关,为老矿区深部煤炭资源的开发,防治地热灾害提供了地温依据。  相似文献